Zoroaster Outline Essay Example

Zoroaster Outline Essay Zoroastrianism l. Zoroastrianism is a monotheistic religion that was once across the board in the Near East and Middle East. (Molloy 438) A. It spread generally, however is currently for the most part present in India. (Molloy 438) B. Some observe conceivable effect on the improvement of Essenes, early Christianity, and Islam. (Molloy 438) II. The prophet Zoroaster, the organizer of the religion, was brought into the world around 650 BCE in what is presently Iran. (Molloy 438) A. He was encircled by the love of nature divine beings, basic to his zone of childhood. (Molloy 438) I. He didn't trust in his religions practices of the penance of creatures at the fire ltars and the intensity of the clerics. (Molloy 438) B. At age 30, Zoroaster encountered a dream which totally transformed him. (Molloy 438) I. He felt himself moved to paradise by a soul he called Vohu Manah (great brain) into the nearness of the High God Ahura Mazda (savvy master). (Molloy 438) C. Zoroasters new message was at first met with solid dismissal, which he accused on devils (daevas) and the sinister head of underhandedness powers, Angra Mainyu (evil soul). (Molloy 438) I. His severe encounters caused him to have further confidence in great versus malicious. Molloy 438) D. In the end Zoroasters lessons arrived at an Iranian King named Vishtaspa, and he utilized his capacity to spread Zoroasters new religion. (Molloy 438) Ill. Zoroastrianism has one consecrated strict content, called The Avesta. (Boyce 238) A. It should be composed by Zoroaster himself, and incorporates the seventeen Gathas (psalms), Yasna Haptanhaiti (Worship of the Seven Chapters, a short sacrament going with the day by day demonstration of holy love), and two heavenly manthras. (Boyce 238) B. We will compose a custom article test on Zoroaster Outline explicitly for you for just $16.38 $13.9/page Request now We will compose a custom exposition test on Zoroaster Outline explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer We will compose a custom exposition test on Zoroaster Outline explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer The sum of The Avesta was recorded in Iran, under the Sasanian ynasty, and was then a huge arrangement in twenty-one books. (Boyce 238) C. Just a couple of duplicates were made, and in the demolition which later went to the Arab, Turkish, and Mongol triumphs of Iran all were devastated. (Boyce 238) D. The enduring Avesta comprises of sacraments, psalms, and supplications. (Boyce 238) V. Zoroastrianism rotates around the war among great and underhandedness, which are consistently present. (Hinnells 81) A. Zoroaster instructed that God was the sole Good Creator of all things, of sun, moon and stars, of the otherworldly and material universes, of man and brute. Hinnells 81) B. He (Ahura Mazda) is not the slightest bit answerable for underhanded on the planet; this originates from the Destructive Spirit (Angra Mainyu) whose nature is vicious and damaging. (Hinnells) C. The world is a battleground where the powers of good and abhorrence do fight. (Hinnells) D. The soul of light and great on the planet is known as Spenta Mainyu (Essence of God). (Molloy 438) V. Zoroastrianism has conviction of heavenly Judgment and in a the great beyond of remuneration or discipline, which starts at death. (Molloy 438) A. During life, people are associated with an inestimable battle among great and abhorrence. Molloy 438) a) These great activities may comprise of: coming clean, managing others, developing farmland, and rewarding animals compassionate. (Molloy 438) B. Last Judgment starts at death when a people soul must cross an extension that can prompt heaven. (Molloy 438) I. In the event that the individual has been acceptable, the scaffold is wide and the Journey to heaven is simple; yet on the off chance that the individual has been underhanded, the extension turns out to be tight to the point that the spirit falls profound into the profundities of damnation. (Molloy 438) C. There is additionally a faith toward the finish all things considered. (Molloy 438) I. At the point when the world reaches a conclusion, there will be a revival everything being equal and an extraordinary general Judgment; as of now the world will be refined by fire, which will rebuff the wickedness however leave the great immaculate. (Molloy 438) VI. Zoroastrianism has for some time been an exceptionally formal religion. (Molloy 438) A. A Zoroastrian has the obligation to supplicate multiple times day by day (at dawn, early afternoon, dusk, 12 PM, and day break) within the sight of fire, the image of honesty. (Boyce 247) I. He supplicates standing, and keeping in mind that articulating the delegated petitions (which incorporate stanzas from he Gathas) loosens and reties the kutsi. Boyce 247) a) The kutsi is a holy line, which ought to be worn continually. (Boyce 247) B. Functions at death are viewed as significant and have a twofold point: to disconnect the polluting influence of the dead body and offer assistance to the spirit. (Boyce 249) I. The body is wrapped into a cotton cover and carried on an iron casket, and after due petitions by ministers, to a stone pinnacle (dakhma), where the contaminating substance is immediately eaten by vultures and the bones are dyed by sun and wind. (Boyce 249) it. Grievers ollow the coffin a good ways off, in pairs, and thereafter make ablutions. Boyce 249) Works Cited Molloy, Michael. Zoroastrianism. Encountering the Worlds Religions: Tradition, Challenge, and Change/Michael Molloy. sixth ed. New York: McGraw-Hill Companies, 2013. 438-439. Print. Boyce, Mary. Zoroastrianism. The Penguin Handbook of the Worlds Living Religions/Ed. John R. Hinnells. Strand: Penguin Group, 2010. 238-249. Print Hinnells, John. The Cosmic Battle: Zoroastrianism. Eerdmans Handbook to the Worlds Religions/Ed. R. Puncture Beaver. Herts: Lion Publishing, 1982. 80-87. Print.

”My Mother Said I Never Should” and ”A Midsummer Nights Dream’ Essay

I have been dealing with the content of both †My Mother Said I Never Should† and †A Midsummer Nights Dream’. In this article I will take a gander at numerous parts of the two pieces and think about them, referencing their similitudes and their disparities. †My Mother Said I Never Should† was written in 1985 and set from between the second World War and the mid 80’s. †A Midsummer Nights Dream† was written in the sixteenth Century and set in whatever timespan the peruser sees it. Along these lines the two plays are both written before yet they are distinctive due to the time they are set. This distinction is on the grounds that †My Mother Said I Never Should† is based inside 10 years while †A Midsummer Nights Dream† can be set whenever period yet the story is intended to all be over inside the space of one day. Since †A Midsummer Nights Dream† is set in one day, it not at all like †My Mother Said I Never Should† which bounces between various years in the 1980’s. There are equivalent similitudes and contrasts with regards to the general public of the plays. The two of them show the high status of the moms in question and the same one another; Margaret and Titania need to keep their kids. The family desires in both the plays re comparable on the grounds that in â€Å"‘My Mother Said I Never Should†, Margaret is continually advising Jackie to work more diligently and find a decent line of work since she has exclusive standards of her. In †A Midsummer Nights Dream† Hermia’s father needs her to wed Lysander and trust in her to satisfy this desire. The plays are diverse with regards to the language and the style of the manner in which the individuals live, the characters in ‘My Mother Said I Never Should’ are increasingly current that those in ‘A Midsummer Nights Dream’. The character is ‘My Mother Said I Never Should’ are genuine characters with main problems, while those in ‘A Midsummer Nights Dream’ are not exactly sensible in light of the fact that they are pixies and are pretend. Along these lines, ‘My Mother Said I Never Should’ is progressively sensible in light of the issues and the crowd can relate and understand the issues associated with the play, yet in ‘A Midsummer Nights Dream’, it is a satire and it is intended to be delighted in and not comprehended. The outfits in ‘My Mother Said I Never Should’ are typical for that time however in ‘A Midsummer Nights Dream’ they are extravert and something nobody could ever wear regardless of what timeframe, this again adds to it’s dream. When discussing the key subjects of the plays, they are entirely similar. As a rule in a scene it is just two individuals talking at once and the discussions are extremely tense and loaded up with feeling. In the two plays they incorporate moms battling about a youngster. Love is the fundamental topic in both of the plays in the event that you look underneath the words and consider subtext. The affection in ‘My Mother Said I Never Should’ is among Jackie and Margaret regardless of their battling and in like manner with Titania and Oberon. Alongside this adoration there is likewise a great deal of outrage inside this affection that we see. With regards to key topics the plays are clearly extraordinary on the grounds that, ‘A Midsummer Nights Dream’s’ characters are pixies yet are genuine individuals in ‘My Mother Said I Never Should’. The styles of the play are altogether different yet they share the subject of belligerence and that the principle characters concerned are completely attracted with one another. Not at all like ‘My Mother Said I Never Should’, ‘A Midsummer Nights Dream’ has numerous characters. Yet, the undeniable contrast is that one is a satire and one is a reasonable play and they need the crowd to feel various feelings if any whatsoever in ‘A Midsummer Nights Dream’ case. The primary clear contrast between the play, which can without much of a stretch be seen, is the language of the plays. ‘My Mother Said I Never Should’ utilizes current language, which can be seen totally, while ‘A Midsummer Nights Dream’ utilizes early English, which implies that the crowd may free sight of the plot and become involved with the language detracting from the happiness regarding the play. Despite the fact that this is in this way, it doesn't remove the parody component of the spot, which is delighted in by all. All in all I delighted in examining these two plays since I had the option to go into more profundity and set out to find the real story. This gave me a more prominent comprehension of the plays and will assist me with future exhibitions and tests. When assuming the jobs myself, I could perceive how the plays were comparative just as being unique. Showcasing the pieces the principal thing that struck me was the way unique the language was and in ‘Midsummer Nights Dream’ it was more earnestly to comprehend which made it hard to utilize tones and express a few feelings without complete comprehension of the play. In ‘My Mother Said I Never Should’ it was simpler and increasingly loose to proceed as it related more with cutting edge life and the feelings were exceptionally simple and direct to comprehend. The responses from the crowds were likewise totally different. In ‘A Midsummer Nights Dream’ the crowd watch with blesses their countenances sporadically grinning where as in ‘My Mother Said I Never Should’ the earnestness of the pieces was appeared on their looks. I found that as a result of much planning and comprehension of the plays before taking a shot at them it implied that they could be performed considerably more effectively and increased great analysis.

spring! semester!

spring! semester! Were well into Quarter 3 and my first midterms are quickly approaching, so to procrastinate for them, I’m going to talk about my spring semester. Without further ado Classes: 18.065 (Matrix Methods in Data Analysis, Signal Processing, and Machine Learning) This class is taught by the legend Gilbert Strang, whom you may know for his 18.06 videos on MIT OCW. These videos saved me when I was taking Linear Algebra in high school, so I sent Professor Strang fanmail, and he responded to me recommending that I take this class! I’ve been waiting to take it ever since. This class definitely meets my expectations. I haven’t taken a math class since Linear Algebra in my junior year of high school, so reviewing important concepts took a while, but the class is really well-paced, so I didn’t struggle too much. I can’t wait to leave the realm of matrix methods and learn how they’re applied to probability and statistics, deep learning, and optimization. 21G.038 (China in the News: The Untold Stories) This class is fascinating. I decided to take it because it will (eventually) contribute to my Chinese minor and also because it’s a CI-H. I, uh, I needed to take one of those or I’d be put on a credit limit next fall. I had a bit of a rocky start in the class, but now that I’ve gotten used to it, I love it. It’s really, really interesting. It focuses on the politics of framingâ€"in other words, how people, whether consciously or subconsciously,   choose to portray issues. The first unit was about reframing Mao Zedong, who is illustrated in a very negative light in the West, and the current unit is about various elements of Chinese culture. I’m loving this unit because the similarities between Chinese and Indian culture are pretty profound, and making comparisons between Chinese, Indian, Japanese, and American culture is really intriguing.   Also, the assignments aren’t like anything I’ve experienced in a class beforeâ€"the homework for each class is to do readings/watch documentaries and to write two questions about the content that show your critical thinking. We then discuss everyone’s questions in the next class. It’s a lot of fun!! 21G.102 (Chinese II) And now for the actual Chinese language part of my minor! This class meets every day except Wednesday for an hour, and even though I thought it would be impossible to wake up at 10 am, it’s totally doable. I’m actually happy to come to class since it’s super engaging; I already feel my Chinese improving. There’s homework every day, and we also have to memorize 6-7 line dialogues before class quite often, but it’s not hard at allâ€"the homework takes a maximum of 30 minutes every night, and I memorize the dialogue on the 10-minute walk to class. Overall, the class seems like a lot more work than it is since there’s homework every day, but I like how doing it gives me a chance to decompress every night.   Also, the class is frickin hilarious, no joke. It’s such a friendly environment that everyone can attempt to say things at any time, which means that there are a lot of slip-ups that have me dying with laughter at least once a day.   15.276 (Communicating With Data) This class is a CI-M (aka a communication-intensive in your major) so damn, I am COMMUNICATING this semester. It’s pretty chill and it covers some essential skills in being a functioning human in the workplace, which is lit. A lot of it is intuitive, but having multiple opportunities to put everything into practice is nice. Also, I love that we get to work in groups since I havent gotten a chance to do that in a class here yet. It’s also a Sloan class, which is nice because Sloan has a lot of good places to work. It’s overhyped as being really far from campus, but it’s just a five-minute walk, so 8.02 (Physics II) Oh, jeez. I’m really behind in this class and there’s a midterm in two daysbut we’ll figure that out soon.   8.02 is in good ol’ TEAL format, so we work in groups and answer questions during class. Again, TEAL is effective for helping people apply concepts to problem-solving, but when you have no idea what’s going on, it’s pretty ineffective. I’ve missed a lot of lectures because 1. I was sick for the first two weeks of the semester and 2. I fell so far behind that going to lecture was essentially meaningless. and i oop I took AP Physics I in high school, so I kind of knew what I was doing in 8.01. 8.02, on the other handyikes. I really just did not know what was going on for the first three weeks of this semester. There hasn’t even been that much content covered so far, which is the scary partbut I’m using the many resources available to catch up before the midterm!! pray for me lol Extracurriculars: Cardio Drumming (PE): Yall. You should take this PE class. It’s incredible. Cardio drumming is quite the conceptâ€"you basically use drumsticks to drum on a yoga mat to hype songs. As you drum, you do ab curls and squats and a ton of other exercises that I would hate to do in literally any other context.   IT’S SO FUN. NO JOKE. I am ENJOYING doing cardio!!!! I look forward to every class!!!!!!!! Also, the teacher is lovely and extremely accommodating. She has so much energy and an AMAZING taste in music. TAKE THIS PE I SWEAR TO GOD YOU WON’T REGRET IT Mocha Moves: Yep, I’m still dancing :) Mocha is only six hours a week during the semester, which seems very light compared to the 20+ hours a week we had to endure during IAPI love Mocha so much and am really excited for another semester on the team! Dance Troupe: I’m both choreographing and dancing in DT this semester. I’m choreographing the beginner hip-hop dance with my living community big (who is also the DT president), so we can hang out in a kitchen and make choreo, which is hellaaa convenient. Choreographing and teaching is SO much fun! It’s tiring since there are over 40 people in our dance, but seeing how much everyone is enjoying it makes me really happy.   (CAMI IS IN MY DANCE 3333) As for the one dance I’m in, it’s a fusion piece that’s being choreographed by a lot of cool people, so I’m v v excited about it.   Transition Team: I’ve talked about this before, but Burton-Conner is being renovated, which is a BIG sad. All the living communities within BC are being split up during the two-year period of renovation, so student voices during the transitioning processes are integral to preserving the dorm’s culture. We meet every two weeks to share updates on the transition and to discuss how we can help the student body through this process. Being a member is hard since it breaks my heart that my living community is being split up, but it’s really, really important. Burton-Conner Vice President: Ayy I’m on exec! Currently, I don’t have huge responsibilities besides attending UA Council meetings, helping the president out, and staying informed about everything going on with Burton-Conner, but that’ll change when the transition gets more underway Global Languages Advisory Group: Since I’m a Chinese minor, I was invited to join an advisory group that helps the Global Languages department figure out how to better meet student needs. It’s a really chill commitment that has the potential to help a lot of people, which is great. We’re currently working on planning World Languages Day (April 8)! 21G.012 (Exploring Globalization Through Chinese Food): I TA for this class! It’s a 1-unit freshman exploratory class that my professor from last semester teaches, so she invited me to help her out with it. The class is suuuuper chillâ€"you basically get to eat Chinese snacks and learn about various aspects of Chinese culture. There are only six lectures and also a free trip to Chinatown and a cooking workshop, so it’s a pretty incredible deal.   (ALSO CJ IS IN MY CLASS AND HES A STELLAR STUDENT) Sloan Business Club Social Chair: I get to help plan cool events for cool people :)   and thats, uh, it!

Gothic History and Origins

The term Gothic was used in the Renaissance to describe certain types of art and architecture in the Middle Ages. This art was considered inferior, just as the Romans had held themselves superior to the barbarians. In the 18th century, the term Gothic morphed into a genre of literature that had elements of horror. In the late 20th century it morphed again into a style and subculture characterized by heavy eyeliner and all-black clothing. Originally, the Goths were one of the barbarian horseback riding groups that caused trouble for the Roman Empire. Ancient Source on the Goths The ancient Greeks considered the Goths to be Scythians. The name Scythian was used by the ancient historian, Herodotus (440 B.C.), to describe barbarians who lived on their horses north of the Black Sea and were likely not Goths. When the Goths came to live in the same area, they were considered Scythians because of their barbarian way of living. It is hard to know when the people we call Goths began to intrude on the Roman Empire. According to Michael Kulikowski, in Romes Gothic Wars, the first securely attested Gothic raid took place in 238 A.D. when Goths sacked Histria. In 249 they attacked Marcianople. A year later, under their king Cniva, they sacked several Balkan cities. In 251, Cniva routed Emperor Decius at Abrittus. The raids continued and moved from the Black Sea to the Aegean where the historian Dexippus successfully defended a besieged Athens against them. He later wrote about the Gothic Wars in his Scythica. Although most of Dexippus is lost, the historian Zosimus had access to his historical writing. By the end of the 260s, the Roman Empire was winning against the Goths. Medieval Source on the Goths The story of the Goths generally begins in Scandinavia, as is told by the historian, Jordanes, in his The Origin and Deeds of the Goths, chapter 4: IV (25) Now from this island of Scandza, as from a hive of races or a womb of nations, the Goths are said to have come forth long ago under their king, Berig by name. As soon as they disembarked from their ships and set foot on the land, they straightway gave their name to the place. And even to-day it is said to be called Gothiscandza. (26) Soon they moved from here to the abodes of the Ulmerugi, who then dwelt on the shores of Ocean, where they pitched camp, joined battle with them and drove them from their homes. Then they subdued their neighbors, the Vandals, and thus added to their victories. But when the number of the people increased greatly and Filimer, son of Gadaric, reigned as king--about the fifth since Berig--he decided that the army of the Goths with their families should move from that region. (27) In search of suitable homes and pleasant places they came to the land of Scythia, called Oium in that tongue. Here they were delighted with the great richness of the countr y, and it is said that when half the army had been brought over, the bridge whereby they had crossed the river fell in utter ruin, nor could anyone thereafter pass to or fro. For the place is said to be surrounded by quaking bogs and an encircling abyss, so that by this double obstacle nature has made it inaccessible. And even to-day one may hear in that neighborhood the lowing of cattle and may find traces of men, if we are to believe the stories of travellers, although we must grant that they hear these things from afar. Germans and Goths Kulikowski says the idea that the Goths were associated with the Scandinavians and therefore Germans had great appeal in the 19th century and were supported by the discovery of a linguistic relationship between the languages of the Goths and Germans. The idea that a language relationship implies an ethnic relationship was popular but doesnt bear out in practice. Kulikowski says the only evidence of a Gothic people from before the third century comes from Jordanes, whose word is suspect. Kulikowski on the Problems of Using Jordanes Jordanes wrote in the second half of the sixth century. He based his history on the no longer extant writing of a Roman nobleman named Cassiodorus whose work he had been asked to abridge. Jordanes did not have the history in front of him when he wrote, so how much was his own invention cant be ascertained. Much of Jordanes writing has been rejected as too fanciful, but the Scandinavian origin has been accepted. Kulikowski points to some of the far-fetched passages in Jordanes history to say that Jordanes is unreliable. Where some his reports are corroborated elsewhere, they can be used. Where there is no supporting evidence, we need other reasons for accepting. In the case of the so-called origins of the Goths, any supporting evidence comes from people using Jordanes as a source. Kulikowski also objects to using archaeological evidence as support because artifacts moved around and were traded. In addition, archaeologists have based their attribution of Gothic artifacts to Jordanes. If Kulikowski is right, we dont know where the Goths came from or where they were before their third-century excursions into the Roman Empire.

The Cover Of A History Of Islam - 975 Words

The cover of â€Å"A History of Islam in America† is very controversial if compared to what is written in the text. My perceptions so far from reading Kambiz GhaneaBassiri book is that he gives factual information on Muslim Black history. But on the cover of the book, the group of people that I see are white skinned immigrants. It confuses me that a historian that spent most of the book from chapter 1-6, discussing the enslavement of African Muslim to the New World and how they had to assimilate to a new society that was forming. So, I’m shocked that from the readings, which mainly discussed African Muslims, and Middle-Eastern Muslim, that there is no depictions on the cover of any person of color. When I think of American history, I mainly focus on the disparities of African Americans faced, slavery, war, and democracy. In class, we talked about how Islam is colorblind and doesn’t hold another race superior to others and that people determine who is higher up i n the class system based on race. If Islam is a colorblind religion, then why do we have many segregated mosque for different ethnicity? Is it because people feel that it’s easier to relate to someone with the same skin color? How is a society supposed to unite when we can’t even hold truth on how America was established and its creation was made from slavery and trespassing. â€Å"Many Muslim immigrants took Christian names to avoid the stigmatization associated with being a Turk or a Muslim A.†(141).Why do people have toShow MoreRelatedEssay on Islam Culture and Beliefs1418 Words   |  6 PagesIslam is one of the worlds greatest monotheistic religions. The followers of Islam are known as Muslims, and they believe in God, Allah. 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The Host Chapter 57 Completed Free Essays

string(38) " I think we need you pretty bad, kid\." It was a small tribunal this time, not like the trial for Kyle’s life. Ian brought only Jeb, Doc, and Jared. He knew without having to be told that Jamie must not be allowed anywhere near these proceedings. We will write a custom essay sample on The Host Chapter 57: Completed or any similar topic only for you Order Now Melanie would have to give that goodbye for me. I couldn’t face that, not with Jamie. I didn’t care if it was cowardly of me. I wouldn’t do it. Just one blue lamp, one dim circle of light on the stone floor. We sat on the edge of the ring of light; I was alone, the four men facing me. Jeb had even brought his gun-as if it were a gavel and would make this more official. The smell of sulfur brought back the painful days of my mourning; there were some memories that I would not regret losing when I was gone. â€Å"How is she?† I asked Doc urgently as they settled in, before they could get started. This tribunal was a waste of my small store of time. I was worried about more important things. â€Å"Which one?† he responded in a weary voice. I stared at him for a few seconds, and then my eyes grew wide. â€Å"Sunny’s gone? Already?† â€Å"Kyle thought it was cruel to make her suffer longer. She was†¦ unhappy.† â€Å"I wish I could have said goodbye,† I murmured to myself. â€Å"And good luck. How is Jodi?† â€Å"No response yet.† â€Å"The Healer’s body?† â€Å"Trudy took her away. I think they went to get her something to eat. They’re working on finding a temporary name she likes, so we can call her something besides the body.† He smiled wryly. â€Å"She’ll be fine. I’m sure she will,† I said, trying to believe the words. â€Å"And Jodi, too. It will all work out.† No one called me on my lies. They knew I was saying this for myself. Doc sighed. â€Å"I don’t want to be away from Jodi long. She might need something.† â€Å"Right,† I agreed. â€Å"Let’s get this over with.† The quicker the better. Because it didn’t matter what was said here; Doc had agreed to my terms. And yet there was some stupid part of me that hoped†¦ hoped that there was a solution that would make everything perfect and let me stay with Ian and Mel with Jared in a way that absolutely no one would suffer for. Best to crush that impossible hope quickly. â€Å"Okay,† Jeb said. â€Å"Wanda, what’s your side?† â€Å"I’m giving Melanie back.† Firm, short-no reasons to argue against. â€Å"Ian, what’s yours?† â€Å"We need Wanda here.† Firm, short-he was copying me. Jeb nodded to himself. â€Å"That’s a tricky one. Wanda, why should I agree with you?† â€Å"If it were you, you’d want your body back. You can’t deny Melanie that.† â€Å"Ian?† Jeb asked. â€Å"We have to look at the greater good, Jeb. Wanda’s already brought us more health and security than we’ve ever had. She’s vital to the survival of our community-of the entire human race. One person can’t stand in the way of that.† He’s right. Nobody asked you. Jared spoke up. â€Å"Wanda, what does Mel say?† Ha, Mel said. I stared into Jared’s eyes, and the strangest thing happened. All the melting and melding I had just been through was shoved aside, into the smallest part of my body, the little corner that I took up physically. The rest of me yearned toward Jared with the same desperate, half-crazed hunger I’d felt since the first time I’d seen him here. This body barely belonged to me or to Melanie-it belonged to him. There really wasn’t room enough for the two of us in here. â€Å"Melanie wants her body back. She wants her life back.† Liar. Tell them the truth. No. â€Å"Liar,† Ian said. â€Å"I can see you arguing with her. I’ll bet she agrees with me. She’s a good person. She knows how much we need you.† â€Å"Mel knows everything I know. She’ll be able to help you. And the Healer’s host. She knows more than I ever did. You’ll be fine. You were fine before I was here. You’ll survive, just like before.† Jeb blew out a puff of air, frowning. â€Å"I don’t know, Wanda. Ian’s got a point.† I glared at the old man and saw that Jared was doing the same. I looked away from that standoff to level a grim glance at Doc. Doc met my eyes, and his face clenched with pain. He understood the reminder I was giving him. He’d promised. This tribunal didn’t overrule that. Ian was watching Jared-he didn’t see our silent exchange. â€Å"Jeb,† Jared protested. â€Å"There’s only one decision here. You know that.† â€Å"Is there, kid? Seems to me there’s a whole barrel of ’em.† â€Å"That’s Melanie’s body!† â€Å"And Wanda’s, too.† Jared choked on his response and had to start over. â€Å"You can’t leave Mel trapped in there-it’s like murder, Jeb.† Ian leaned forward into the light, his face suddenly furious again. â€Å"And what is it that you’re doing to Wanda, Jared? And the rest of us, if you take her away?† â€Å"You don’t care about the rest of anybody! You just want to keep Wanda at Melanie’s expense-nothing else matters to you.† â€Å"And you want to have Melanie at Wanda’s expense-nothing else matters to you! So, with those things being equal, it comes down to what’s best for everyone else.† â€Å"No! It comes down to what Melanie wants! That’s her body!† They were both crouched halfway between sitting and standing now, their fists clenched and their faces twisted with rage. â€Å"Cool it, boys! Cool it right now,† Jeb ordered. â€Å"This is a tribunal, and we’re going to stay calm and keep our heads. We’ve got to think about every side.† â€Å"Jeb -† Jared began. â€Å"Shut up.† Jeb chewed on his lip for a while. â€Å"Okay, here’s how I see it. Wanda’s right -â€Å" Ian lurched to his feet. â€Å"Hold it! Sit yourself back down. Let me finish.† Jeb waited until Ian, the tendons standing out in his taut neck, stiffly returned to a seated position. â€Å"Wanda is right,† Jeb said. â€Å"Mel needs her body back. But,† he added quickly when Ian tensed again, â€Å"but I don’t agree with the rest, Wanda. I think we need you pretty bad, kid. You read "The Host Chapter 57: Completed" in category "Essay examples" We got Seekers out there lookin’ for us, and you can talk right to ’em. The rest of us can’t do that. You save lives. I got to think about the welfare of my household.† Jared spoke through his teeth. â€Å"So we get her another body. Obviously.† Doc’s crumpled face lifted. Jeb’s white caterpillar eyebrows touched his hairline. Ian’s eyes widened and his lips pursed. He stared at me, considering†¦ â€Å"No! No!† I shook my head frantically. â€Å"Why not, Wanda?† Jeb asked. â€Å"Don’t sound like a half-bad idea to me.† I swallowed and took a deep breath so my voice wouldn’t turn hysterical. â€Å"Jeb. Listen to me carefully, Jeb. I am tired of being a parasite. Can you understand that? Do you think I want to go into another body and have this start all over again? Do I have to feel guilty forever for taking someone’s life away from them? Do I have to have someone else hate me? I’m barely a soul anymore-I love you brutish humans too much. It’s wrong for me to be here, and I hate feeling that.† I took another breath and spoke through the tears that were falling now. â€Å"And what if things change? What if you put me in some-one else, steal another life, and it goes wrong? What if that body pulls me after some other love, back to the souls? What if you can’t trust me anymore? What if I betray you next time? I don’t want to hurt you!† The first part was the pure and unadorned truth, but I was lying wildly through the second. I hoped they wouldn’t hear that. It would help that the words were barely coherent, my tears turned to sobs. I would never hurt them. What had happened to me here was permanent, a part of the very atoms that made up my small body. But maybe, if I gave them a reason to fear me, they would more easily accept what had to be. And my lies worked, for once. I caught the worried glance Jared and Jeb exchanged. They hadn’t thought of that-of my becoming untrustworthy, becoming a danger. Ian was already moving to put his arms around me. He dried my tears against his chest. â€Å"It’s okay, honey. You don’t have to be anyone else. Nothing’s going to change.† â€Å"Hold on, Wanda,† Jeb said, his shrewd eyes suddenly sharper. â€Å"How does going to one of those other planets help you? You’ll still be a parasite, kid.† Ian flinched around me at the harsh word. And I flinched also, because Jeb was too insightful, as always. They waited for my answer, all but Doc, who knew what the real answer was. The one I wouldn’t give. I tried to say only true things. â€Å"It’s different on other planets, Jeb. There isn’t any resistance. And the hosts themselves are different. They aren’t as individualized as humans, their emotions are so much milder. It doesn’t feel like stealing a life. Not like it feels here. No one will hate me. And I’d be too far away to hurt you. You’d be safer†¦Ã¢â‚¬  The last part sounded too much like the lie it was, so I let my voice trail off. Jeb stared at me through narrowed eyes, and I looked away. I tried not to look at Doc, but I couldn’t help one brief glance, to make sure he understood. His eyes locked on mine, clearly miserable, and I knew that he did. As I quickly lowered my gaze, I caught Jared staring at Doc. Had he seen the silent communication? Jeb sighed. â€Å"This is†¦ a pickle.† His face turned into a grimace as he concentrated on the dilemma. â€Å"Jeb -† Ian and Jared said together. They both stopped and scowled at each other. This was all just a waste of time, and I had only hours. Just a few more hours, I knew that for certain now. â€Å"Jeb,† I said softly, my voice barely audible over the spring’s gushing murmur, and everyone turned to me. â€Å"You don’t have to decide right now. Doc needs to check on Jodi, and I’d like to see her, too. Plus, I haven’t eaten all day. Why don’t you sleep on it? We can talk again tomorrow. We’ve got plenty of time to think about this.† Lies. Could they tell? â€Å"That’s a good idea, Wanda. I think everyone here could use a breather. Go get some food, and we’ll all sleep on it.† I was very careful not to look at Doc now, even when I spoke to him. â€Å"I’ll be along to help with Jodi after I eat, Doc. See you later.† â€Å"Okay,† Doc said warily. Why couldn’t he keep his tone casual? He was a human-he should have been a good liar. â€Å"Hungry?† Ian murmured, and I nodded. I let him help me up. He latched on to my hand, and I knew he would be keeping a tight hold on me now. That didn’t worry me. He slept deeply, like Jamie. As we walked from the dark room, I could feel eyes on my back, but I wasn’t sure whose. Just a few more things to do. Three, to be precise. Three last deeds to be completed. First, I ate. It wouldn’t be nice to leave Mel with her body uncomfortable from hunger. Besides, the food was better since I’d been raiding. Something to look forward to rather than endure. I made Ian get the food and bring it to me while I hid in the field where half-grown sprouts of wheat replaced the corn. I told Ian the truth so that he would help me: I was avoiding Jamie. I didn’t want Jamie frightened by this decision. It would be harder for him than for Jared or Ian-they each took one side. Jamie loved us both; he would be more evenly torn. Ian did not argue with me. We ate in silence, his arm tight around my waist. Second, I went to see Sunny and Jodi. I expected to see three glowing cryotanks on top of Doc’s desk, and I was surprised that there were still just the two Healers, set in the center. Doc and Kyle hovered over the cot where Jodi lay inert. I walked quickly to them, about to demand to know where Sunny was, but when I got closer, I saw that Kyle had an occupied cryotank cradled in one arm. â€Å"You’ll want to be gentle with that,† I murmured. Doc was touching Jodi’s wrist, counting to himself. His lips pressed into a thin line when he heard my voice, and he had to begin over again. â€Å"Yeah, Doc told me that,† Kyle said, his gaze never leaving Jodi’s face. A dark, matched set of bruises was forming under his eyes. Was his nose broken again? â€Å"I’m being careful. I just†¦ didn’t want to leave her alone over there. She was so sad and so†¦ sweet.† â€Å"I’m sure she’d appreciate it, if she knew.† He nodded, still staring at Jodi. â€Å"Is there something I’m supposed to be doing here? Is there some way to help?† â€Å"Talk to her, say her name, talk about things she’ll remember. Talk about Sunny, even. That helped with the Healer’s host.† â€Å"Mandy,† Doc corrected. â€Å"She says it’s not exactly right, but it’s close.† â€Å"Mandy,† I repeated. Not that I would need to remember. â€Å"Where is she?† â€Å"With Trudy-that was a good call there. Trudy’s exactly the right person. I think she’s gotten her to sleep.† â€Å"That’s good. Mandy will be okay.† â€Å"I hope so.† Doc smiled, but it didn’t affect his gloomy expression much. â€Å"I’ve got lots of questions for her.† I looked at the small woman-it was still impossible to believe that she was older than the body I wore. Her face was slack and vacant. It frightened me a little-she’d been so vibrantly alive when Sunny was inside. Would Mel†¦? I’m still here. I know. You’ll be fine. Like Lacey. She winced, and so did I. Never like Lacey. I touched Jodi’s arm softly. She was much like Lacey in some ways. Olive skinned and black haired and tiny. They could almost be sisters, except that Jodi’s sweet, wan face could never look so repellent. Kyle was tongue-tied, holding her hand. â€Å"Like this, Kyle,† I said. I brushed her arm again. â€Å"Jodi? Jodi, can you hear me? Kyle’s waiting for you, Jodi. He got himself in a lot of trouble getting you here-everybody who knows him wants to beat him senseless.† I grinned wryly at the big man, and his lips curled up at the corners, though he didn’t look up to see my smile. â€Å"Not that you’re surprised to hear that,† Ian said beside me. â€Å"When hasn’t that been the case, eh, Jodi? It’s good to see you again, sweetheart. Though I wonder if you feel the same way. Must have been a nice break to get rid of this idiot for so long.† Kyle hadn’t noticed his brother was there, attached like a vise to my hand, until Ian spoke. â€Å"You remember Ian, of course. Never has managed to catch up to me in anything, but he keeps trying. Hey, Ian,† Kyle added, never moving his eyes, â€Å"you got anything you want to say to me?† â€Å"Not really.† â€Å"I’m waiting for an apology.† â€Å"Keep waiting.† â€Å"Can you believe he kicked me in the face, Jodes? For no reason at all.† â€Å"Who needs an excuse, eh, Jodi?† It was oddly pleasant, the banter between the brothers. Jodi’s presence kept it light and teasing. Gentle and funny. I would have woken up for this. If I were her, I would have been smiling already. â€Å"Keep it up, Kyle,† I murmured. â€Å"That’s just right. She’ll come around.† I wished I would get to meet her, to see what she was like. I could only picture Sunny’s expressions. What would it be like for everyone here, meeting Melanie for the first time? Would it seem the same to them, as if there were no difference? Would they really grasp that I was gone, or would Melanie simply fill the role I had? Maybe they would find her entirely different. Maybe they would have to adjust to her all over again. Maybe she would fit in the way I never had. I pictured her, which was picturing me, the center of a crowd of friendly faces. Pictured us with Freedom in our arms and all the humans who had never trusted me smiling with welcome. Why did that bring tears to my eyes? Was I really so petty? No, Mel assured me. And they’ll miss you-of course they will. All the best people here will feel your loss. She seemed to finally accept my decision. Not accept, she disagreed. I just can’t see any way to stop you. And I can feel how close it is. I’m scared, too. Isn’t that funny? I’m absolutely terrified. That makes two of us. â€Å"Wanda?† Kyle said. â€Å"Yes?† â€Å"I’m sorry.† â€Å"Um†¦ why?† â€Å"For trying to kill you,† he said casually. â€Å"Guess I was wrong.† Ian gasped. â€Å"Please tell me you have some kind of recording device available, Doc.† â€Å"Nope. Sorry, Ian.† Ian shook his head. â€Å"This moment should be preserved. I never thought I’d live to see the day that Kyle O’Shea would admit to being wrong. C’mon, Jodi. That ought to shock you awake.† â€Å"Jodi, baby, don’t you want to defend me? Tell Ian I never have been wrong before.† He chuckled. That was nice. It was nice to know that I’d earned Kyle’s acceptance before I left. I hadn’t expected that much. There was no more I could do here. There was no point in lingering. Jodi would either come back or she would not, but neither outcome would change my path now. So I proceeded to my third and final deed: I lied. I stepped away from the cot, took a deep breath, and stretched my arms. â€Å"I’m tired, Ian,† I said. Was it really a lie? It didn’t sound so false. It had been a long, long day, this, my last day. I’d been up all night, I realized. I hadn’t slept since that last raid; I must have been exhausted. Ian nodded. â€Å"I’ll bet you are. Did you stay up with the Heal-with Mandy all night?† â€Å"Yeah.† I yawned. â€Å"Have a nice night, Doc,† Ian said, pulling me toward the exit. â€Å"Good luck, Kyle. We’ll be back in the morning.† â€Å"Night, Kyle,† I murmured. â€Å"See you, Doc.† Doc glowered at me, but Ian’s back was to him, and Kyle was staring at Jodi. I returned Doc’s glare with a steady gaze. Ian walked with me through the black tunnel, saying nothing. I was glad he wasn’t in the mood for conversation. I wouldn’t have been able to concentrate on it. My stomach was twisting and turning, wringing itself into strange contortions. I was done, all my tasks accomplished. I only had to wait a bit now and not fall asleep. Tired as I was, I didn’t think that would be a problem. My heart was pounding like a fist hitting my ribs from the inside. No more stalling. It had to be tonight, and Mel knew that, too. What had happened today with Ian had shown me that. The longer I stayed, the more tears and arguments and fights I would cause. The better the chance that I or someone else would slip up and Jamie would find out the truth. Let Mel explain it after the fact. It would be better that way. Thanks so much, Mel thought; her words flowed fast, in a burst, her fear marring her sarcasm. Sorry. You don’t mind too much? She sighed. How can I mind? I’d do anything you asked me to, Wanda. Take care of them for me. I would have done that anyway. Ian, too. If he’ll let me. I’ve got a feeling he might not like me so much. Even if he won’t let you. I’ll do whatever I can for him, Wanda. I promise. Ian paused in the hall outside the red and gray doors to his room. He raised his eyebrows, and I nodded. Let him think I was still hiding from Jamie. That was true, too. Ian slid the red door aside, and I went straight to the mattress on the right. I balled up there, knotting my shaking hands in front of my hammering heart, trying to hide them behind my knees. Ian curled around me, holding me close to his chest. This would have been fine-I knew that he would end up sprawled out in all directions when he was really asleep-except that he could feel my trembling. â€Å"It’s going to be fine, Wanda. I know we’ll find a solution.† â€Å"I truly love you, Ian.† It was the only way I could tell him goodbye. The only way he would accept. I knew he would remember later and understand. â€Å"With my whole soul, I love you.† â€Å"I truly love you, too, my Wanderer.† He nuzzled his face against mine until he found my lips, then he kissed me, slow and gentle, the flow of molten rock swelling languidly in the dark at the center of the earth, until my shaking slowed. â€Å"Sleep, Wanda. Save it for tomorrow. It will keep for the night.† I nodded, moving my face against his, and sighed. Ian was tired, too. I didn’t have to wait long. I stared at the ceiling-the stars had moved above the cracks here. I could see three of them now, where before there had been only two. I watched them wink and pulse across the blackness of space. They did not call to me. I had no desire to join them. One at a time, Ian’s arms fell away from me. He flopped onto his back, muttering in his sleep. I didn’t dare wait any longer; I wanted too badly to stay, to fall asleep with him and steal one more day. I moved cautiously, but he was in no danger of waking. His breathing was heavy and even. He wouldn’t open his eyes till morning. I brushed his smooth forehead with my lips, then rose and slid out the door. It was not late, and the caves were not empty. I could hear voices bouncing around, strange echoes that might have been coming from anywhere. I didn’t see anyone until I was in the big cave. Geoffrey, Heath, and Lily were on their way back from the kitchen. I kept my eyes down, though I was very glad to see Lily. In the brief glimpse I allowed myself, I could see that she was at least standing upright, her shoulders straight. Lily was tough. Like Mel. She’d make it, too. I hurried to the southern corridor, relieved when I was safe in the blackness there. Relieved and horrified. It was really over now. I’m so afraid, I whimpered. Before Mel could respond, a heavy hand dropped on my shoulder from the darkness. â€Å"Going somewhere?† How to cite The Host Chapter 57: Completed, Essay examples

Cloud computing in Robotics

Question: Discuss about the Cloud computing in Robotics. Answer: Introduction: The aim of the project is to focus on the development process, testing, and evaluation of an infrastructure for mobile cloud robotics. The project takes the advantages of approaches based on cloud computing in robotics. It provides localization and large area mapping to the heavy computing process. Objective: The objective is to offloading the mechanism of calculation from the customer and giving access to the constant server. The mass of the robots can be reduced by the movement of data processing procedure into the cloud environment. The sensor technologies for example RGB D cameras should be used in the development of the infrastructure for light weight mobile robots. Background: From the last decade, service robots popularity is increasing very fast. Robots are built in order to help the humans in their daily life schedule. The mobile robots gather information from real time environment for analyzing the cloud environment (Guoquiang, 2011)). The cloud environment supports the feature of 3D mapping, intelligence in the sensor networks, awareness of situation, and others. The implementation of faster CPU is needed in the construction of robots. The dynamic environment of the houses is the major problem faced by the robots in carrying out their work. The emerging new trends in cloud computing stability, high transfer rate, low cost, popularity, easily accessibility with the internet brings the focus on the new trend of cloud computing technology (Kamei, 2010). The data security should be provided in hosting the confidential information over the cloud. In the cloud robotics, the organization takes place in two tiers one is the machine to machine level and other is the machine to cloud level. The main focus is on offloading the mechanism of calculation from the customer and giving access to the constant server. The following are the classification of the cloud model: Software as a service Platform as a service Infrastructure as a service With the emerging issues related to the economics and ergonomics, mobile robots are highly developed to do complex task by making their running time increased and weight reduced. The total mass, life of the battery, size, total costs associated with mobile platform are the features which have an impact on the current development state of robots (Peterson, 2013). In the development of robotics in cloud, the concentration should also be given on security threats in the cloud computing environment. The security threats are usually associated with the size and significance of the cloud environment. The offloading of the complex calculation, capability of high data storage, and the tools for communication makes the cloud computing popular among the robotics (Burski, 2009). The decision of offloading requires three strategies for execution. Firstly, individual robots requires standalone execution, secondly, the group of robots requires collaborative execution, and lastly execution of the c loud. The hybrid model is used for partial execution of all the three strategies which are used for offloading the robots (Wen, 2008). The cloud computing advantages and features are more useful for mobile robots. The mass of the robots can be reduced by the movement of data processing procedure into the cloud environment (Michael, 2012). By making use of cloud based services the operating time of the robots can be increased. Description: Platform for Cloud robotics: A distributed agent with collective intelligence (DAVANCI) is the most popular cloud robotics project. The aim of this project is to take the advantages of approaches based on cloud computing. It provides localization and large area mapping to the heavy computing process. The objective of the cloud based robotics project is to provide training learning of labeling data. Components needed in robotics in cloud: The global library of images should be provided which carries the series of images, objects, and maps to make the expert system Support of parallel computation for statistical modeling based on sample, planning related with the motion and task, collaboration with multi robots, coordination and scheduling of the system, and etc. Policies related with the dynamic control and outcome sharing with the robots Sharing of the open source data and design which is needed for programming, construction of the hardware, and experimentation. Methods for evaluation, learning and recovery from error on generation of demand from human Interaction of human and robots Challenges: In the development of cloud robotics the following issues and challenges come forward which are summarized below: Size of the automatic infrastructure required for the robotics Load balancing operations which are used for computation between local and the cloud Representation on the basis of knowledge In the automation of cloud, collective learning is proposed. Software as a service is used for providing platform Integration and collaboration with the fault tolerant control Collection of the big data Wireless communication is used for connecting with the cloud Support of system architecture for the development of robotics clouds Infrastructure which support open access is needed Sharing of the workload Standard and protocols used for the development of robotics in cloud Constraints of resources Constraint of information gathering Constraint of learning Constraint of communication Constraint of Computation Constraint of security Constraint of optimization framework Establishment of trust Risks associated with the robotics in cloud: Security in environment: In the development of robotics in cloud, the concentration should also be given on security threats in the cloud computing environment. The security threats are usually associated with the size and significance of the cloud environment Security related with the data privacy: the data security should be provided in hosting the confidential information over the cloud. Problems related with the ethics: The unethical activities can be done by the robot if it get out of control Limitation with Robotics in cloud: Cloud does not support sensor and controller feedback which are required for controlling the motion of the robots At the time of high latency response, the cloud based application get slower and unavailable On board processing, real time execution of the task are required Methodology: The methodologies which are used for collecting the data for the proposed topic on Robotics in cloud computing is given below: Qualitative and Quantitative methodology: The exploratory and descriptive study is needed to conduct the research on the proposed topic. The exploratory study helps to focus on the challenges and the problem discovered in doing research on the topic. The descriptive study helps in describing the characteristics of the variable, platform used to support cloud computing, and others. Data source The primary and the secondary resources are used for conducting research on the topic of robotics. The surveys are the important part of collecting the required information. Newspaper, internet, and magazines are the secondary source of collecting information. Questionnaire methodology: It is the least expensive method for collecting the updated information on the topic of robotics in cloud computing. It is the most trusted method of collecting the information. It is method of collecting statistical data from the vast number of people. The question should be well designed to collect the relevant information which in turn helps to analyze the data in a better way. Well defined questions and data collected from it make the clear picture in the mind of the reader. System Architecture: In this architecture, the organization takes place in two tiers one is the machine to machine level and other is the machine to cloud level. In the M2M environment, wireless links are used for providing communication between groups of robots. For this purpose, virtual ad-hoc cloud is used. Project Plan and Deliverables: No of WEEK Scheduling of the task 1st Seeking of time from supervisor of the project 2nd The topic of cloud computing in mobile robotics should be evaluated carefully 3rd Proposal for the project should be submitted 4th Collection of feedback and comments about the topic 5th Collection of the data and research work for the proposed topic of robotics in the cloud 6th Finalization of the report and documentation 7th Submission of the mid semester report 8th Preparation of the feedback report 9th Analyzing the final data through questionnaire 10th Documentation should be prepared on detailed description 11th Organization of the entire work and preparation of the final 12th Finalization of the presentation and practice of delivering the presentation 13th Submission of the final report and oral presentation Week 1: Seeking of time from supervisor of the project In this week the discussion should takes place with the supervisor for the tools, the infrastructure, operating system, and others used in the development of the robotics based on cloud computing. Week 2: The topic of cloud computing in mobile robotics should be evaluated carefully The topic should be modularize and distributed among the team member for carrying out their work by keeping aim and objective of the proposal. In this week only background and methodology should also be prepared. Week 3: Proposal for the project should be submitted After the completion of the aim, objective, background, description, and methodology the proposal should be submitted. Week 4: Collection of feedback and comments about the topic After the submission of the proposal to the supervisor, wait for the response from the supervisor in the form of comments and feedback. Week 5: Collection of the data and research work for the proposed topic of robotics in the cloud The collected data, comments and feedback helps in preparing the final midterm report on the topic of robotics in cloud computing Week 6: Finalization of the report and documentation The development of future plans should takes place about research the topic. Simultaneously, the preparation of presentation should takes place. Week 7: Submission of the mid semester report The report of midterm semester should be submitted to the supervisor. Week 8: Preparation of the feedback report The supervisor should provide the feedback on the submitted report of midterm semester for doing modification in the proposed report before the submission of the final report. Week 9: Analyzing the final data through questionnaire Minimum of 10 questions should be prepared for questionnaire to analyze the data. The question should be well defined which covers all the topic and areas of the report Week 10: Documentation should be prepared on detailed description The data collected by the questionnaire on the proposed topic should be synchronized and organized in the form of diagrams and flowchart. Week 11: Organization of the entire work and preparation of the final Finalization of the report and organization of the presentation should takes place in this week for analyzing the result of research clearly in the form of facts and figures. Week 12: Finalization of the presentation and practice of delivering the presentation For the perfection in the oral presentation, the report should be practiced thoroughly. Week 13: Submission of the final report and oral presentation After preparing the final report, it should be submitted to the supervisor. Conclusion: This paper focuses on the development process, testing, and evaluation of an infrastructure for mobile cloud robotics. The mass of the robots can be reduced by the movement of data processing procedure into the cloud environment. The mobile robots gather information from real time environment for analyzing the cloud environment (Koken ,2014). The cloud environment supports the feature of 3D mapping, intelligence in the sensor networks, awareness of situation, and others. The main focus is on offloading the mechanism of calculation from the customer and giving access to the constant server. In this paper, we proposed the architecture for the cloud robotics which gives the details of challenges in the current robots. The implementation of the cloud robots results in sharing of computational resources, information and data gathers from the resources, and accessing of the new knowledge. The aim of this project is to take the advantages of approaches based on cloud computing. It provides localization and large area mapping to the heavy computing process (Buhalis, 2014). This paper gives the clear picture of the methodology used for collecting the data for the research, schedule and deliverable of the project. References: Guoquiang, H. (2011).Cloud Robotics: Architecture, challenges and Application. 1st ed. [ebook] Available at: https://www.ntu.edu.sg/home/ygwen/Paper/HTW-NM-12.pdf [Accessed 23 Aug. 2016]. Kamei, K. (2010).Cloud Networked Robotics. 1st ed. [ebook] Available at: https://www.google.co.in/url?sa=trct=jq=esrc=ssource=webcd=4cad=rjauact=8ved=0ahUKEwj0wpmw-tfOAhUYS48KHTYnA2oQFgg4MAMurl=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.teknologisk.dk%2F_root%2Fmedia%2F48448_Cloud%2520Networked%2520Robotics.pdfusg=AFQjCNGMHvsHOLrE6SQplqo7cSfPepGrTAsig2=iOQ5taFE79MGHTLktigtAQbvm=bv.129759880,d.c2I [Accessed 23 Aug. 2016]. Peterson, H. (2013).Cloud Robotics: 5G paves the way for mass market automation. 1st ed. [ebook] Available at: https://www.ericsson.com/res/thecompany/docs/publications/ericsson_review/2016/etr-5g-cloud-robotics.pdf [Accessed 23 Aug. 2016]. Burski, B. (2009).The use of cloud computing in mobile robotics. 1st ed. [ebook] Available at: file:///C:/Users/admin/Downloads/burski_garbacz_use_2_2014.pdf [Accessed 23 Aug. 2016]. Wen, L. (2008).Cloud Robotics survey. 1st ed. [ebook] Available at: https://goldberg.berkeley.edu/pubs/T-ASE-Cloud-RA-Survey-Paper-Final-2015.pdf [Accessed 23 Aug. 2016]. Michael, S. (2012).Building knowledge-enabled cloud robotics Application. 1st ed. [ebook] Available at: https://www.google.co.in/url?sa=trct=jq=esrc=ssource=webcd=10cad=rjauact=8ved=0ahUKEwj0wpmw-tfOAhUYS48KHTYnA2oQFghiMAkurl=https%3A%2F%2Frobohow.eu%2F_media%2Fspecial%2Fbib%2Ftenorth13unr.pdfusg=AFQjCNHSdvT1jqbHI_DEnbI-lX_DwmAbDQsig2=iNFU0cnSJltOHC18D89prgbvm=bv.129759880,d.c2I [Accessed 23 Aug. 2016]. Koken, B. (2014).Cloud Robotics Platform. 1st ed. [ebook] Available at: https://www.google.co.in/url?sa=trct=jq=esrc=ssource=webcd=8cad=rjauact=8ved=0ahUKEwj0wpmw-tfOAhUYS48KHTYnA2oQFghVMAcurl=http%3A%2F%2Fhrcak.srce.hr%2Ffile%2F197339usg=AFQjCNF76WjUpJlgznupoCYmbgQLyPySVAsig2=4whrCUU68T0rUFLdbpXWXgbvm=bv.129759880,d.c2I [Accessed 23 Aug. 2016]. Buhalis, S. (2014).A study on Cloud Robotics. 1st ed. [ebook] Available at: https://www.ijircce.com/upload/2015/april/47_4_A_Study.pdf [Accessed 23 Aug. 2016].

A poster from the movie The Graduate follows a general formulaic pattern in its presentation Essays

A poster from the movie The Graduate follows a general formulaic pattern in its presentation Essays A poster from the movie The Graduate follows a general formulaic pattern in its presentation Essay A poster from the movie The Graduate follows a general formulaic pattern in its presentation Essay Essay Topic: General In an argument, there are many types of tools used to evoke the audience to conviction and then to action. As a society, the importance of communicating a thought or idea to an audience has motivated different methods of arguments that can be expressed in written words, speech or pictures. Movie posters are a great example of the type of propaganda or arguments that the media uses today in order to promote a particular movie. A poster from the movie The Graduate follows a general formulaic pattern in its presentation, namely by presenting the facts of the movie, toying with the emotions of the on-looker, and challenging the values of society as a whole. The general argument of a movie poster is to convey the facts of the movie through the characters in the picture. This can be done by showing what they are doing or simply stating the title it is the posters statement and proof. In The Graduate poster, the main character is Dustin Hoffman, who plays the leading role as Ben Braddock. The only other character is a womans bare leg save the sheer pantyhose, which she is either putting on or taking off. This picture immediately grabs the audiences attention and presents the argument that this movie is about the experiences of one man, Braddock, and that the general theme of the movie has a sexual connotation. The title seems to at first confuse the on-looker because of its incongruity with the picture. It entices the audience to ask questions. Is the character graduating to a higher level of sexuality? Is he a recent graduate of school or the task he was motivated to complete? In the end, the audience leaves with the knowledge of who is involved in the movie and what it is possibly going to be about. Another benefit a movie poster has for an argument is its emotional appeal and response. The Graduate manages to do this in a shocking way. In the book, everythings an argument, the author says, If writers can use words to rouse readers to specific feelings, they might also move them to sympathize with ideas associated with those feelings, and even to act on them (Lunsford, 50). This view can be the same when considering pictures or paintings. The most famous scene from The Graduate is with Braddock (Hoffman) standing in a room, dressed, with his hands buried in his pockets and staring at a womans sexy leg. The expressions on his face and in his posture are uncertainty, vulnerability, and insecurity, which make the audience wonder who and what type of woman has this effect on him. All of these emotions are given to the on-looker and thus gives a sense of curiosity not only to see what his reaction in this scene will be, but most importantly, who is the leg? As a result, these feeling s can certainly lead to conviction and then action. Movie posters can also use the method of a value argument in the artwork. The Graduate accomplishes this simply from the time period that it was released. In 1967 the values of society were changing rapidly, and the ideas of conflict and controversy were an everyday occurrence. A bare leg exudes a level of confidence and control the woman has over Ben (Hoffman), giving the idea and values of sexual independence and freedom which was especially prevalent at this time. However, on the other end of the spectrum, the poster not only highlights the values of sexual freedom but also uncloaks the disgust, by some, of sexual promiscuity and immorality. Consequently, while this poster invigorates some, it offends others. The ability to understand different types and methods of arguments can be expressed and explained through cultural works of art, like movie posters. Additionally, using arguments of fact, emotion, and value can serve as a foundation for conviction and action both favorable and unfavorable to its cause.

Afghanistan Country Facts and History

Afghanistan Country Facts and History Afghanistan has the misfortune of sitting in a strategic position at the crossroads of Central Asia, the Indian subcontinent, and the Middle East. Despite its mountainous terrain and fiercely independent inhabitants, the country has been invaded time after time throughout its history. Today, Afghanistan is once more embroiled in war, pitting NATO troops and the current government against the ousted Taliban and its allies. Afghanistan is a fascinating but violence-wracked country, where East meets West. Capital and Major Cities Capital:  Kabul, population 3,475,000 (2013 estimate) Kandahar, population 491,500Herat, 436,300Mazar-e-Sharif, 375,000Kunduz, 304,600Jalalabad, 205,000 Afghanistan Government Afghanistan is an Islamic Republic, headed by the President. Afghan presidents may serve a maximum of two 5-year terms.  Ashraf Ghani was elected in 2014.   Hamid Karzai  served two terms as president before him. The National Assembly is a bicameral legislature, with a 249-member House of the People (Wolesi Jirga), and a 102-member House of the Elders (Meshrano Jirga). The nine justices of the Supreme Court (Stera Mahkama) are appointed to terms of 10 years by the President. These appointments are subject to approval by the Wolesi Jirga. Afghanistan Population The population of Afghanistan is estimated at 32.6 million. Afghanistan is home to a number of ethnic groups. The largest is the Pashtun, 42 percent of the population. Tajiks make up 27 percent, Hazaras  8 percent, and Uzbeks 9 percent, Aimaks 4 percent, Turkmen 3 percent and Baluchi 2 percent. The remaining 13 percent are tiny populations of Nuristanis, Kizibashis, and other groups. Life expectancy for both men and women within Afghanistan is 60 years. The infant mortality rate is 115 per 1,000 live births, the worst in the world. It also has one of the highest maternal mortality rates. Official Languages Afghanistans official languages are Dari and Pashto, both of which are Indo-European languages in the Iranian sub-family. Written Dari and Pashto both use a modified Arabic script.Other Afghan languages include Hazaragi, Uzbek, and Turkmen. Dari is the Afghan dialect of the Persian language. It is quite similar to Iranian Dari, with slight differences in pronunciation and accent. The two are mutually intelligible. Around 33 percent of Afghanis speak Dari as their first language. About 40 percent of the people of Afghanistan speak Pashto, the language of the Pashtun tribe. It is also spoken in the Pashtun areas of western Pakistan. Religion The overwhelming majority of Afghanistans people are Muslim, around 99 percent. About 80 percent are Sunni, and 19 percent Shia. The final one percent includes about 20,000 Bahais, 3,000-5,000 Christians. Only one Bukharan Jewish man, Zablon Simintov, remained by 2005. All of the other members of the Jewish community fled when the Soviets invaded Afghanistan in 1979. Until the mid-1980s, Afghanistan also had a population of 30,000 to 150,000 Hindus and Sikhs. During the Taliban regime, the Hindu minority was forced to wear yellow badges when they went out in public, and Hindu women had to wear the Islamic-style hijab. Today, only a few Hindus remain. Geography Afghanistan is a land-locked country bordering on Iran to the west, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, and Tajikistan to the north, a tiny border with China at the northeast, and Pakistan to the east and south. Its total area is 647,500 square kilometers (almost 250,000 square miles). Most of Afghanistan is in the Hindu Kush Mountains, with some lower-lying desert areas. The highest point is Nowshak, at 7,486 meters (24,560 feet). The lowest is the Amu Darya River Basin, at 258 meters (846 feet). An arid and mountainous country, Afghanistan has little cropland; a scant 12 percent is arable, and only 0.2 percent is under permanent crop-cover. Climate The climate of Afghanistan is very dry and seasonal, with temperatures varying by altitude. Kabuls average January temperature is 0 degrees Celsius (32 Fahrenheit), while noon temperatures in July often reach 38 Celsius (100 Fahrenheit). Jalalabad can hit 46 Celsius (115 Fahrenheit) in the summer. Most of the precipitation that falls in Afghanistan comes in the form of winter snow. The nation-wide annual average is only 25-30 centimeters (10 to 12 inches), but snow drifts in the mountain valleys can reach depths of over 2 meters. The desert experiences sandstorms carried on winds moving at up to 177 kph (110 mph). Economy Afghanistan is among the poorest countries on Earth. The per capita GDP is $1,900 US, and about 36 percent of the population lives under the poverty line. The economy of Afghanistan receives large infusions of foreign aid, totaling billions of U.S. dollars annually. It has been undergoing a recovery, in part by the return of over five million expatriates and new construction projects. The countrys most valuable export is opium; eradication efforts have had mixed success. Other export goods include wheat, cotton, wool, handwoven rugs, and precious stones. Afghanistan imports much of its food and energy. Agriculture employs 80 percent of the labor force, industry, and services 10 percent each. The unemployment rate is 35 percent. The currency is the afghani. As of 2016, $1 US 69 afghani. History of Afghanistan Afghanistan was settled at least 50,000 years ago. Early cities such as Mundigak and Balkh sprang up around 5,000 years ago; they likely were affiliated with the Aryan culture of India. Around 700 B.C., the Median Empire expanded its rule to Afghanistan. The Medes were an Iranian people, rivals of the Persians. By 550 B.C., the Persians had displaced the Medians, establishing the Achaemenid Dynasty. Alexander the Great of Macedonia invaded Afghanistan in 328 B.C., founding a Hellenistic empire with its capital at Bactria (Balkh). The Greeks were displaced around 150 B.C. by the Kushans and later the Parthians, nomadic Iranians. The Parthians ruled until about 300 A.D. when the Sassanians took control. Most Afghans were Hindu, Buddhist or Zoroastrian at that time, but an Arab invasion in 642 A.D. introduced Islam. The Arabs defeated the Sassanians and ruled until 870, at which time they were driven out again by the Persians. In 1220, Mongol warriors under Genghis Khan conquered Afghanistan, and descendants of the Mongols would rule much of the region until 1747. In 1747, the Durrani Dynasty was founded by Ahmad Shah Durrani, an ethnic Pashtun. This marked the origin of modern Afghanistan. The nineteenth century witnessed increasing Russian and British competition for influence in Central Asia, in The Great Game. Britain fought two wars with the Afghans, in 1839-1842 and 1878-1880. The British were routed in the first Anglo-Afghan War but took control of Afghanistans foreign relations after the second. Afghanistan was neutral in World War I, but Crown Prince Habibullah was assassinated for purported pro-British ideas in 1919. Later that year, Afghanistan attacked India, prompting the British to relinquish control over Afghan foreign affairs. Habibullahs younger brother Amanullah reigned from 1919 until his abdication in 1929. His cousin, Nadir Khan, became king but lasted only four years before he was assassinated. Nadir Khans son, Mohammad Zahir Shah, then took the throne, ruling from 1933 to 1973. He was ousted in a coup by his cousin Sardar Daoud, who declared the country a republic. Daoud was ousted in turn in 1978 by the Soviet-backed PDPA, which instituted Marxist rule. The Soviets took advantage of the political instability to invade in 1979; they would remain for ten years. Warlords ruled from 1989 until the extremist Taliban took power in 1996. The Taliban regime was ousted by U.S.-led forces in 2001 for its support of Osama bin Laden and al-Qaeda. A new Afghan government was formed, supported by the International Security Force of the United Nations Security Council. The new government continued to receive help from  US-led NATO troops to battle Taliban insurgencies and shadow governments. The US war in Afghanistan was officially ended December 28, 2014.

Rising Costs of U.S Health Care Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Rising Costs of U.S Health Care - Research Paper Example Central to this U.S health care issue is the nursing profession. Registered nurses in U.S health care facilities participate in all activities of the medical process, and they are the largest group of health care experts in U.S medical facilities. As the U.S government embarks on the quest of lowering medical costs through health care reforms, the nursing profession is greatly affected by pressure on health care centers to cut on spending on nurses. The American Hospital Association (2001) showed that hospitals in the U.S had a deficit of 126,000 nurses, statistics that show that a worrying 90% of medical facilities in the U.S do not have enough nursing staff to attend to patients. Left to stand, this deficit is estimated to rise to 400,000 fewer nurses in 2020 (National Health Program, 2008).The elderly and terminally ill are at greatest risk as their life expectancy is threatened with the limited access to nursing staff. Conversely, the nursing profession has become less popular wi th the younger Americans going into and coming out of medical training institutions. Majority of registered nurses in the U.S health care system are above 30 years, and the average age of working nurses is at 43 years in long term care facilities (National Health Program, 2008). This age statistic is expected to go up as the health care crisis makes the nursing profession a declining occupation as compared to other occupations among professional Americans. Fiscal challenges in the U.S health care system prompt organizations.... h care due to medical conditions that become worse when otherwise and with health care insurance easier and less expensive treatments could have been accessed in time. Worse still, advanced medical technology and better prescription drugs are more expensive which translates to more expenses for the Americans who are in need of health care. Central to this U.S health care issue is the nursing profession. Registered nurses in U.S health care facilities participate in all activities of the medical process, and they are the largest group of health care experts in U.S medical facilities. As the U.S government embarks on the quest of lowering medical costs through health care reforms, the nursing profession is greatly affected by pressure on health care centers to cut on spending on nurses. The American Hospital Association (2001) showed that hospitals in the U.S had a deficit of 126,000 nurses, statistics that show that a worrying 90% of medical facilities in the U.S do not have enough nu rsing staff to attend to patients. Left to stand, this deficit is estimated to rise to 400,000 fewer nurses in 2020 (National Health Program, 2008). The elderly and terminally ill are at greatest risk as their life expectancy is threatened with the limited access to nursing staff. Conversely, the nursing profession has become less popular with the younger Americans going into and coming out of medical training institutions. Majority of registered nurses in the U.S health care system are above 30 years, and the average age of working nurses is at 43 years in long term care facilities (National Health Program, 2008). This age statistic is expected to go up as the health care crisis makes the nursing profession a declining occupation as compared to other occupations among professional

FirstGroup plc Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

FirstGroup plc - Essay Example As of 2009, the group earned the annualized net profit of around 6 billion pounds, which is a growth of around 31.4% from what the company earned last year. Similarly, this group has remained unaffected by current global economic backdrop, which is an amazing achievement by the company. In the future, the group also wants to maintain its market leader position and wants to expand its operation to the global market. The company wants to develop a new business plan which should not in any way ignore the aspiration of stakeholders. Stakeholders can be any group or an individual that has a stake in the organization's performance. In simple words, any one within or outside the organization who is affected by the decision taken by the business is known as stakeholder. First Group's stakeholders are its shareholders, employees, government, customers and its board of directors. According to Richard Daft, shareholders are those people who own the business and have invested the money in the business. So they would like the business to make decisions which are going to increase its profitability and lead to rapid growth of the business. Similarly, First Group's decisions are also going to affect its employees, in some way or the other. First Group PLC's decision to downsize can result in loss of job for some of these employees. First Group PLC's working policies and pay-rate is another factor that is goi ng to affect the employees. Government might be interest in the decision taken by First Group PLC because if it earns good profit, it will result in revenue for the government in the form of taxes. Similarly, government will want First Group PLC to flourish not only because it will result in revenue collection for the government, but also because it will provide employment opportunities in the economy. Customer will affected by the pricing decisions of First Group PLC. Board of Director will be interested in growth decision of the business because their salaries may be dependent on the size of the business. So they would like the owners to plough back earned profit back into the business for the purpose of expansion and this could lead to conflict of interest between various groups of Stakeholders. (Daft, 1997) Business aim is the future-vision of the business, which can be anything that the business wants to achieve in the future or the reason behind its existence. The major aim of First Group PLC is the transforming the way people travel and changing their perception about the public transport by providing people with safety and luxury and in doing so becoming the leading company of the world. In general terms, Business objective is a business strategic position that it is trying to achieve through its activities and policies. If we look at the business objective of First Group plc, we can say that it is aiming toward higher market share by offering distinct services like safety travel and other features which are not present in conventional transport companies. Another business objective of First Group PLC is rapid growth and in doing so, it is increasing the value of investments of its shareholder by increasing the market-price of the company's stock. Many businesses carry out SWOT analysis to focus on the internal strengths and

Australias Trading Links Have Changed Adapted With Society Economics Essay

Australias Trading Links Have Changed Adapted With Society Economics Essay Australia is one of the worlds greatest trading nations; it has developed strong trade links with the major traders of the world, including USA, Japan and China. Trade links are used to develop and maintain a countrys economy and to provide supplies for the population that might not be available domestically. International trade and globalisation has enabled Australia to establish relationships overseas through the exports and imports of goods and services. Over time, these links have changed and adapted to suit modern Australian society. Over the past few decades, Australias major items of trade have altered. Australias trade involves the exporting and importing of goods as well as services. Traditionally, Australias exports were mainly comprised of primary products, such as agricultural goods and minerals. Although these commodities still play a large role in Australian exports, export patterns have altered. Today, services and manufactured goods also account for a significant proportion of Australias exports. Exports of manufactured goods have developed slower in Australia, but now account for around a quarter of exports. Recently, Australias exports have included a large services component, which includes tourism and education. During the past twenty to thirty years, Australias trade links have also changed dramatically. Historically, Australias main trade links were tied with the United Kingdom and had a heavy reliance on European Markets. This shifted during post World War II, when the UK decided to increase its trading links with other European countries, forcing Australia to seek new trade relationships. Australian exporters then turned to Northeast and Southeast Asia as potential trading partners. Since then, Asia has become Australias major trading partner. Australia is a large advocate of Trade Agreements; Australia tries to maintain and develop strong bilateral relationships with other countries to boost its trade and economy. Multilateral organisations and institutions, such as World Trade Organisation (WTO) and Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation group (APEC), also play an important role. Since the turn of the 21st century, Australia has mainly focused on trade links between the members of the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation group (APEC). Around 70% of Australias exports and imports are from or to other APEC members, which includes Japan, USA, China, Taiwan and South Korea. Globalisation has opened the path for trade relationships. It has provided opportunities for the development of internationally competitive economies. However, combined with trade liberalisation, it has, in turn, increased competition and reduced the protection between international and domestic affairs. Australia is one of the leading free trade economies in the world and has the lowest levels of industry protection, such as tariffs, quotas and embargoes. These trade barriers are used to protect domestic producers from international competition and redirect trade flows, but restrict the levels of productivity. Free trade allows nations to specialise in the production of particular commodities that it has a comparative advantage in; Australia specialises in minerals, services and elaborately transformed manufactures (ETMs). This enables countries to take advantage of the efficiencies that generate from economies and increase their levels of output, resulting in lower average costs and increased productivity. Over the past few years, Australias ratio of exports and imports to GDP have risen around 5%, as a result of trade liberalisation. This expansion of exports has strengthened Australias industrial base. With free trade, a greater variety of goods are available for consumers. Increased competition ensures that products and goods and services are supplied at the lowest prices. If the 1998 tariff levels still applied in Australia, imported motor vehicles would cost 25% more, while footwear and clothing would cost an extra 14%. Reducing tariffs has resulted in savings of up to $1000 per year for an average Australian family. Trade liberalisation will increase employment in the exporting industries, while workers in import industries will be displaced, as the industries collapse in the competitive environment. Due to free trade, numerous jobs, especially in manufacturing and service industries, have been created in Australia. Economic growth is also affected by free trade. Countries that are involved with free trade, are experiencing rising living standards, increased incomes and higher economic growth. Over 400 000 jobs were created between 1983-84 and 1993-94. According to studies, the removal of all tariffs would create an extra 40 000 jobs within the next few years. However, with the removal of trade barriers, there is an economic instability from trade cycles as countries tend to rely on global markets. The Asian economic crisis in 1998, which was the currency devaluation from one country eventually spread to others, is an example of this issue. Trade liberalisation can also create too much competition between industries, which may find it difficult to compete for long periods or to develop new industries. Free trade also leads to pollution and environmental issues as manufacturers are unable to include these costs into the total price of goods. Recently, a number of nations have been negotiating for free trade agreements. Singapore was pursuing bilateral agreements with Australia, Japan, Mexico and USA and was able to establish an agreement with New Zealand. The United States concluded an agreement with Jordan in 2000 and was negotiating agreements with a number of other countries. In the future, if all trade barriers were to be demolished, trading internationally would be more simple and productive. Developing countries would gain a more stable economic status, while developed countries would increase production levels and build and develop a stronger economy.

Physical Appearance and Status

â€Å"Physical Appearance and Status â€Å" Beauty is in the eye of the beholder, but what the beholder sees and how it is interpreted are shaped by culture’s values. Appearance/ Beauty are social constructions. Appearance derives from status symbols. George Herbert Mead express through theory of significant symbols and language. His theory says symbols are those that arouse in the person expressing them the same kind of response that they are designed to elicit from to whom they are addressed. Society has excessive pride in their interactions with others.Society also has other traits which reflect their culture appearance, narcissism, and social status. Society has views which are built on appearances. This is because of the media’s influence on what Americans view as â€Å"socially acceptable†. Hollywood sets a standard by using celebrities to show off high fashion that trigger the minds of Americans on what they should wear and look like to be accepted. Men are usually viewed as wearing â€Å"masculine† clothing which emphasize the size of upper body musculature, allow freedom of movement, and encourage an illusion of physical power and a look of easy physicality all suggest masculinity.Such appearance of strength and readiness to action serve to create or enhance an aura of aggressiveness and intimidation central to an appearance of masculinity. On the other hand, women have more of a variety of clothing styles all of which reflect back to femininity. Feminine styles of dress display subordinate status through greater restriction of the free movement of the body, greater exposure of the bare skin and an emphasis on sexual characteristics. Along with clothes how a person presents his or herself through body language is also important to achieving a certain appearance.Americans set specific standards that others achieve through clothes and body language (among other things). Even though society may view them as coming from a very patriotic background they are also viewed for being self-centered. Even other countries have picked up on the fact Americans take pride in being narcissistic. In America people also view themselves based on social class. In America there are three social classes: the upper class, the middle class, and the lower class. The upper class is said to have all the wealth and the power. Hollywood has a way of, â€Å"Glamorizing the lives of the wealthy†.The middle class has been viewed in the media as, Not only as unlettered and uncouth but also as less desirable and less moral than other people. This can be seen throughout a variety of Hollywood films and television shows. The upper class (or the rich) are viewed in America has having all of the wealth and the power, while the middle and lower classes are left in the shadow. America’s culture is reflected through what is displayed in the media. Therefore a conclusion can be drawn that Americans base their stereotypes of soci al status off of what is viewed in the media.America uses values inherited from the industrial revolution to view itself as individual, class, or society. The Industrial Revolution created new values in Western society, values that are central to our thinking today. Three things from the Industrial Revolution that directly affected people's values were the creation of the middle class, the urbanization of cities, and the growth of rights for women. The Industrial Revolution was the first time when the middle class appeared. The Industrial Revolution was what made the middle class a recognizable group. The people in the middle class had their goals and shaped their values around them.The major goal of the middle class was to be like the higher or â€Å"old money† class. The shaped their values so that they could achieve this desired position. They strictly enforced manners and rigidity, making sure that all members always acted in the utmost respectful way. Also they tried to make their lives as controllable as possible and because children were the most unpredictable thing they believed strongly in the principle that children should be seen and not heard. The urbanization of cities also had an effect on the values of people. During the Industrial Revolution cities became more and more urban.This shifted people's focus away from country life and more towards city life. People's values were originally based on home life in the country, but as life shifted to the cities values also shifted. Family became less important. People focused more on getting the money because it was there. They also needed to get money to buy things this is how consumerism came about. Consumerism became the most important value to people. Woman also made their position known in society. Women struggled for their rights. They had certain values that they wanted society to accept. The worked hard for suffrage and equality in the work place.These were the values that were forced upon society just by the sheer volume of women supporting them. If not for the Industrial Revolution women would not have known what they were missing and thus would still be living sheltered lives. The industrial Revolution created new values for people that still influence life today. Values created by the Industrial Revolution such as women's suffrage, consumerism, and life styles of the middle class are all things still valued today. The values that are held today will stay with the people because they have been accepted and practiced.Values are not changed that much and as long as people keep living their lives they will be basing them on the same values as long as they are convenient. Works Cited â€Å"81. 02. 06: The Industrial Revolution. † 81. 02. 06: The Industrial Revolution. N. p. , n. d. Web. 03 Mar. 2013. â€Å"Beauty and the Beast: Study on the Relationship between Clothing and Social Status. † Beauty and the Beast: Study on the Relationship between Clothing and Social Status. N. p. , n. d. Web. 03 Mar. 2013. Hurst, Charles E. Social Inequality: Forms, Causes, and Consequences. Boston: Pearson, 2013.Print. Kendall, Diana Elizabeth. Social Problems in a Diverse Society. Boston: Pearson, 2013. Print. Ritzer, George. Contemporary Sociological Theory and Its Classical Roots: The Basics. San Francisco, CA: McGraw Hill Higher Education, 2010. Print ——————————————– [ 1 ]. Kendall, Pg 80. , (2013) [ 2 ]. Ritzer, Pg 59, (2010) [ 3 ]. Social Status. N. p. , n. d. Web. 03 Mar. 2013 [ 4 ]. Social Status. N. p. , n. d. Web. 03 Mar. 2013 [ 5 ]. Hurst, Pg 16. (2013) [ 6 ]. 81. 02. 06: The Industrial Revolution [ 7 ]. 81. 02. 06: The Industrial Revolution